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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes
14:17

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes

Published on: November 30, 2006

Altered nuclear transfer: a way forward for embryonic stem cell research.

William B Hurlbut1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5020, USA. ethics@stanford.edu

Stem Cell Reviews
|December 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study explores ethical considerations in human embryo research, proposing Altered Nuclear Transfer (ANT) as a method to derive pluripotent stem cells without embryo destruction. ANT offers a path forward for stem cell and developmental biology research.

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • The moral status of human embryos creates conflict in stem cell research.
  • NIH funding is crucial for embryonic stem cell research progress.
  • Existing ethical debates hinder scientific advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore ethical arguments surrounding human embryo research.
  • To evaluate alternative methods for obtaining pluripotent stem cells.
  • To propose a way forward for stem cell and developmental biology research.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the distinction between totipotency and pluripotency using systems biology.
  • Examination of Altered Nuclear Transfer (ANT) as a method for creating pluripotent stem cells.
  • Discussion of moral arguments concerning nascent human life and developmental potential.

Main Results:

  • Altered Nuclear Transfer (ANT) offers a potential method for generating pluripotent stem cells without destroying human embryos.
  • Distinguishing between totipotency and pluripotency has implications for moral arguments.
  • The proposed approach may facilitate advancements in both stem cell and developmental biology.

Conclusions:

  • Altered Nuclear Transfer presents a viable alternative for pluripotent stem cell derivation, addressing ethical concerns.
  • Clarifying the moral standing of entities with partial developmental potential is crucial.
  • This research proposes a framework for advancing stem cell and developmental biology ethically.