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iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Related Experiment Video

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Characterization of Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells (BOEC) from Porcine Peripheral Blood

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Published on: January 6, 2022

Porcine embryonic stem cells: a possible source for cell replacement therapy.

¹Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. vha@life.ku.dk

Stem Cell Reviews

|September 5, 2008

Summary

Developing porcine embryonic stem cell lines (pESCs) is crucial for creating immunocompatible transgenic pigs. Understanding unique porcine developmental factors is key to overcoming in-vitro production challenges.

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Published on: February 26, 2021

Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Developmental Biology
Stem Cell Science

Background:

Porcine embryonic stem cell lines (pESCs) are vital for advancing immunocompatible transgenic pig production.
Current in-vitro pESC derivation faces significant challenges, potentially due to species-specific developmental differences.
Existing research highlights distinct expression patterns of pluripotency markers (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2) in porcine blastocysts compared to mouse and human models.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the molecular profile of porcine pre-implantation development.
To provide a historical overview of pESC development efforts.
To identify knowledge gaps in porcine pluripotency and early development.

Main Methods:

Literature review of porcine pre-implantation development.
Analysis of gene expression patterns in porcine blastocysts.
Historical compilation of pESC derivation attempts.

Main Results:

Porcine pre-implantation development exhibits unique characteristics, including later epiblast formation (days 7-8) and extended maintenance before differentiation.
Differences in Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 expression suggest alternative mechanisms maintain pluripotency in early porcine blastocysts.
The review consolidates current knowledge and historical attempts at pESC development.

Conclusions:

Understanding the molecular basis of porcine pluripotency and pre-implantation development is essential.
Further research into species-specific factors is needed to improve pESC derivation efficiency.
Enhanced knowledge will facilitate the production of reliable pESC lines for biotechnological applications.