Duffy-Santner confidence intervals for the two-stage three-outcome design

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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
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An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

Alfred F Furth1, Daniel J Sargent

  • 1Division of Biostatistics, Cancer Center Statistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics
|December 7, 2006
PubMed

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An unbiased point estimate is often insufficient to predict a population estimate, such as population mean or population proportion. In this scenario, a confidence interval is used. A confidence interval is an estimate similar to a sample proportion. However, unlike the point estimate which is a single value, the confidence interval contains a range of values. These values have lower and upper limits, known as confidence limits, and can be designated as L1 and L2, respectively.
A confidence...
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A confidence interval is a better estimate of the population than a point estimate, as it uses a range of values from a sample instead of a single value.
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Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals

The confidence interval is the range of values around the mean that contains the true mean. It is expressed as a probability percentage. The interpretation of a 95% confidence interval, for instance, is that the statistician is 95% confident that the true mean falls within the interval. The upper and lower limits of this range are known as confidence limits. The confidence limits for the true mean are estimated from the sample's mean, the standard deviation, and the statistical factor 't,' or...
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Consider a curve representing sample data drawn randomly from a normally distributed population. One must construct confidence intervals to estimate or to test a claim regarding the population standard deviation. For example, a 95% confidence interval covers 95% of the area under the curve, and the remaining 5% is equally distributed on either side of the curve. To achieve such confidence intervals, one must determine the critical values. The critical values are simply the values separating the...
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Confidence Coefficient

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Confidence Interval for Estimating Population Mean

A point estimate of the population mean is obtained from a single sample. Such a point estimate does not represent a population well because it needs to account for variability in the population. Single point estimate can also be biased despite the sample being selected randomly. Thus, a point estimate is often unreliable. A confidence interval is needed to reduce this unreliability.
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