Accidental kerosene ingestion: a 3-year prospective study

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Toxicology
• Public Health

Background:

• Accidental kerosene ingestion is a significant cause of child morbidity and mortality in developing regions.
• Kerosene remains a common household fuel for cooking, heating, and cleaning in many third-world countries.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of kerosene ingestion in children.
• To identify risk factors and complications associated with accidental kerosene ingestion.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study was conducted involving 78 children aged 10 months to 5 years admitted to Makassed Hospital in Jerusalem.
• Clinical data, including respiratory status, vomiting, chest X-rays, neurological signs, fever, and gastric dilatation, were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

• Respiratory distress occurred in 76.9% of children; 2 deaths were associated with mechanical ventilation.
• Vomiting did not increase respiratory complication risk, suggesting initial aspiration.
• Chest X-ray abnormalities were present in 60%, pleural effusions in 3 cases, and CNS manifestations in 27% (2 severe cases with convulsions died).
• Severe gastric dilatation occurred in 4 severely ill children, with 2 deaths.

Conclusions:

• Accidental kerosene ingestion poses a severe health risk to children, primarily due to respiratory complications likely from initial aspiration.
• Prompt medical management is crucial for children with kerosene ingestion, as severe cases can lead to fatal outcomes.
• Public health interventions aimed at preventing kerosene ingestion are essential in regions where it is commonly used.