Left ventricular hypertrophy is more marked in salt-sensitive than in salt-resistant hypertensive patients

Besides the duration and severity of hypertension, several other factors have been shown to be related to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in essential hypertension. The present study was conducted to examine the influence of salt sensitivity on LVH. Fifteen essential hypertensive ambulatory patients were submitted to a low-salt (30 mEq of Na/day for 7 days) and a high-salt (200 mEq of Na/day for 7 days) diet after 12 weeks on placebo. Daily urine collection was obtained during the whole study. After the placebo period, all patients were submitted to a complete clinical and laboratory investigation that included an echocardiogram (M-mode and two-dimensional). Five patients were salt-sensitive (mean blood pressure (BP) increase from the seventh day of the low- to the seventh day of the high-salt diet greater than 10%). No differences in weight, sex ratio, and duration of hypertension were obtained between salt-sensitive and -resistant patients. The initial BP was higher in the salt-sensitive patients. However, the difference was small and without statistical significance. The left ventricular weight was higher in the salt-sensitive than in salt-resistant patients (148 +/- 51 vs. 109 +/- 32 g/m2, p less than 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was also higher in the salt-sensitive patients (50 +/- 10 vs. 43 +/- 6 mm, p less than 0.05). The interventricular septum and posterior wall thicknesses were higher in salt-sensitive patients, although they did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, salt-sensitive essential hypertensive patients are at a higher risk to develop LVH.