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Dose response effect of cement dust on respiratory muscles competence in cement mill workers

Sultan A Meo1, Muhammad A Azeem, Aijaz A Qureshi

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hamdard University, Pakistan. sultanmeo@hotmail.com

International Journal of Environmental Health Research
|December 14, 2006
PubMed

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The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
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Air entrainment in concrete significantly enhances the material's durability, especially in environments subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Introducing small air bubbles into the concrete mix acts as internal voids that accommodate the expansion of water when it freezes, thereby alleviating internal stress and preventing structural cracks. This function is crucial in climates with significant freezing and thawing, as it protects the concrete from repeated stresses that could lead to premature...
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