Oxidants in chronic kidney disease

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Oxidative Stress Research
• Cardiovascular Disease

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue affecting 10% of US adults.
• CKD is linked to significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) and economic burden.
• Established renal insufficiency often progresses to end-stage kidney disease, indicating shared pathogenic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), also known as oxidants.
• To review experimental evidence on the role of oxidants in glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage in CKD.
• To examine human data supporting the relevance of experimental findings in human kidney disease.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of experimental studies on oxidants and kidney disease.
• Analysis of evidence for oxidant involvement in diabetic and nondiabetic glomerular disease.
• Evaluation of oxidant roles in tubulointerstitial damage during CKD progression.
• Review of limited human data for proof-of-concept.

Main Results:

• Oxidants are implicated in both diabetic and nondiabetic glomerular diseases.
• Evidence supports the role of oxidants in tubulointerstitial damage contributing to CKD progression.
• Experimental findings suggest potential relevance to human kidney disease pathology.

Conclusions:

• Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) are key contributors to kidney damage in various forms of CKD.
• Further research, including human studies, is needed to fully elucidate the role of oxidants in human kidney disease progression.