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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Mindfulness in Motion (MIM): An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI) for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

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Time-based management of patient processes.

Jaakko Kujala¹, Paul Lillrank, Virpi Kronström

¹Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland. jaakko.kujala@tkk.fi

Journal of Health Organization and Management

|December 16, 2006

Summary

This study introduces a framework for optimizing patient processes using time-based competition (TBC) and work-in-process (WIP) concepts. Applying TBC and WIP can reduce patient episode costs by minimizing non-value-added time and improving resource allocation.

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Area of Science:

Healthcare Management
Operations Research
Health Services Research

Background:

Healthcare service production processes can be improved by applying industrial management principles.
Time-based competition (TBC) and work-in-process (WIP) are established industrial concepts for efficiency.
Patient care pathways share similarities with industrial production lines.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a conceptual framework for applying TBC and WIP in healthcare patient processes.
To enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of patient care management.
To guide healthcare managers and researchers in process optimization.

Main Methods:

Analysis of existing research on TBC and WIP in industrial settings.
Review of empirical case studies in healthcare.
Development of a conceptual framework linking TBC/WIP to patient episodes.

Main Results:

A patient episode can be viewed as a customer order-to-delivery chain.
Reducing non-value-adding time in patient episodes is key to effective TBC/WIP application.
Minimizing time categories that drive costs for all stakeholders optimizes patient episodes.

Conclusions:

A framework is introduced to analyze the impact of reduced throughput time on patient episode costs.
Managing patient processes with time and cost analysis aids optimal resource allocation.
Consensus on optimal care episodes is necessary for effective TBC application in healthcare.