Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 18, 2026
04:11
The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model
Published on: October 27, 2023
Transverse skeletal and dentoalveolar changes during growth.
Richard M Hesby1, Steven D Marshall, Deborah V Dawson
1Department of Orthodontics; private practice, Bedford, Mass, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Summary
During growth, transverse molar movements align with increases in maxillary basal bone and alveolar width, but not mandibular basal bone width. These changes follow a vertical gradient, with the most significant width increase occurring superiorly.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Craniofacial Growth and Development
- Dental Morphology
Background:
- Previous research indicated molar crown torque changes correlate with increased intermolar widths during growth.
- Maxillary molars erupt with buccal torque, while mandibular molars erupt with lingual torque, both uprighting with age.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the transverse skeletal changes associated with molar movements during craniofacial growth.
- To correlate changes in molar position with alterations in maxillary and mandibular bone widths.
Main Methods:
- Utilized serial posteroanterior radiographs and dental casts from 36 untreated Class I subjects.
- Measured thirteen transverse dimensions, including intermolar widths, basal bone widths (bijugale, bigonion, biantegonion), and alveolar process widths at various vertical levels.
- Data collected at five age points spanning from early childhood to adulthood (7.6 to 26.4 years).
Main Results:
- Observed a gradient of width increase in the maxilla, maxillary alveolar process, and molars, with the greatest change superiorly (jugale).
- Maxillary basal bone width increased by 5.37 mm, and intermolar width by 3.08 mm.
- Mandibular intermolar width increased by 2.05 mm, while mandibular basal bone width (bigonion, biantegonion) showed a substantial increase of 14.54 mm.
Conclusions:
- Transverse molar movements during growth are associated with increases in maxillary basal bone and alveolar widths, and mandibular alveolar width.
- A distinct vertical gradient characterizes these transverse width changes in the maxilla and its alveolar process.
- Mandibular basal bone transverse changes do not follow the same pattern observed in the maxilla and alveolar processes.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Teeth
The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
01:09Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
01:27Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue
Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
01:29Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
01:21Tooth Anatomy
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
01:22Sutures of the Skull
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...