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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

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Intravesical explosions during transurethral endoscopic procedures.

A Khan1, J Masood, M Ghei

  • 1Department of Urology, The Whittington Hospital, Highgate Hill, London, UK.

International Urology and Nephrology
|December 16, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Intravesical explosions during bladder tumor fulguration are rare but serious. They are caused by explosive gases like hydrogen and oxygen produced during diathermy, and can be prevented by careful surgical technique.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Surgical Safety

Background:

  • Intravesical explosions are rare but serious complications during transurethral endoscopic resections.
  • These explosions can cause significant bladder damage, ranging from mucosal tears to rupture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on intravesical explosions.
  • To determine the etiology of these explosions.
  • To suggest strategies for prevention.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed using Medline and Ovid.
  • Search terms included: intravesical explosions, transurethral procedures, endoscopic procedures, diathermy.

Main Results:

  • Intravesical explosions result from the production of explosive gases, primarily hydrogen and oxygen, during diathermy on tissues.
  • Oxygen can enter the bladder from the atmosphere during endoscopic procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Careful operative technique, including proper use of the Ellick evacuator and minimizing manual irrigations, can reduce risk.
  • Reducing operative time and judicious use of moderate-power coagulation current are also recommended preventive strategies.