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Strategies for interfacing solid-phase microextraction with liquid chromatography.

Heather L Lord1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, W. Hamilton, Ont., Canada L8N 3Z5. hlord@mcmaster.ca

Journal of Chromatography. A
|December 21, 2006
PubMed
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Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is versatile for volatile and non-volatile compounds. Challenges remain in optimizing SPME for liquid-phase separations, with several strategies emerging for method development.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is applicable to both volatile and non-volatile analytes.
  • Gas-phase SPME applications have advanced more rapidly than liquid-phase applications.
  • Interfacing SPME with gas chromatography is straightforward, while liquid-phase interfacing presents challenges due to solvent desorption requirements for non-volatile or thermally labile analytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and present an overview of various strategies and interface designs for interfacing SPME with liquid-phase separations.
  • To guide analysts in selecting the most appropriate interfacing technique during method development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature describing numerous options for interfacing SPME with liquid-phase separations over the past decade.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Categorization of strategies into three general approaches: manual injection interface tee, in-tube SPME, and off-line desorption with conventional liquid injection.
  • Discussion of direct coupling of SPME to mass spectrometry techniques like electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI).

    • Main Results:

    • No single SPME interfacing strategy or device design has been found to be optimal for all liquid-phase applications.
    • Several successful examples of different interfacing strategies have been reported across various analytical areas.
    • Interest exists in direct coupling of SPME to mass spectrometry for enhanced analysis.

    Conclusions:

    • Method development for liquid-phase SPME requires careful selection from available interfacing strategies.
    • The reviewed strategies offer diverse solutions for overcoming challenges in non-volatile and thermally labile analyte analysis.
    • Continued development in SPME interfacing is crucial for expanding its application in liquid-phase separations and mass spectrometry.