Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 18, 2026

An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells
Published on: July 15, 2015
Nontraditional approaches to first-in-human studies to increase efficiency of drug development: will microdose
1Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Abstract:
Much has been written recently about low productivity in the pharmaceutical industry and the high cost of drug development. Over a 10-year period ending in 2000, only approximately 11% of compounds tested in humans across 10 large pharmaceutical companies were eventually approved for marketing in the United States and/or Europe. Attrition was highest during phase II (62%) but still significant in phase III (45%) and at the time of registration (23%). Clearly, given the high cost and time required for clinical development, these late-stage failures are unsustainable.
Related Concept Videos
Drug Discovery: Overview
Preclinical Development: Overview
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods
Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview
Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies