Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry
Published on: June 6, 2025
[Chromatic sense: types of defects and clinical evaluation tests]
Lígia Fernanda Bruni1, Antonio Augusto Velasco E Cruz
1Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. lfbruni@uol.com.br
Abstract:
Evaluation of the chromatic sense has a great value in ophthalmic practice, both for diagnosis of the congenital defects (daltonism), as well as for diagnosis and follow-up of acquired defects. Many clinical tests are available to be used for this purpose. However it is necessary to know the details and sensitivity of each test, since there are many variations in the results, depending on the searched condition, if congenital or acquired pathologies. Our goal is to review the types of defects of the chromatic sense and provide information about the main current available tests and their best purpose. We further emphasize the importance of standard illumination procedure in the application of the tests.
Related Concept Videos
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects
Color Vision
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Karyotyping
