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Long latency postural responses are functionally modified by cognitive set.

D J Beckley1, B R Bloem, M P Remler

  • 1Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis.

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
|October 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Cognitive set influences leg postural responses. When ankle rotation is predictable, long latency responses vary with perturbation size; when unpredictable, the nervous system defaults to a larger response amplitude.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Postural responses are crucial for maintaining stability.
  • Cognitive factors can modulate sensorimotor control.
  • Long latency responses are thought to involve higher-level processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cognitive set affects long latency postural responses in human legs.
  • To determine if predictable or unpredictable perturbations alter these responses.
  • To understand the central nervous system's strategy in adapting to varying postural threats.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects stood while experiencing sudden toe-up ankle rotations of predictable (4° or 10°) or unpredictable (mixed) amplitudes.
  • Electromyography (EMG) recorded activity in tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, and vastus lateralis muscles.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis focused on the long latency (LL) components of the EMG responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Predictable rotation amplitudes led to LL response variations in tibialis anterior and vastus lateralis that scaled with perturbation size.
    • Unpredictable rotation amplitudes resulted in the central nervous system selecting a default LL response amplitude for the tibialis anterior.
    • This default LL response in tibialis anterior appropriately anticipated the larger potential perturbation, mitigating fall risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive set significantly influences the amplitude of long latency postural responses.
    • The nervous system employs adaptive strategies, including a default response, to manage unpredictable postural threats.
    • These findings highlight the interplay between cognitive state and motor control in maintaining balance.