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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia01:24

Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia

DysplasiaDysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells, characterized by pleomorphism, nuclear abnormalities, and increased mitotic activity. It commonly affects epithelial tissues, including the cervix, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory mucosa, and endometrium. Although it may occur alongside hyperplasia, dysplasia is not a true adaptive response but a preneoplastic change with potential to progress to cancer.When confined above the basement...
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium01:20

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
Multicellular glands are formed during early development when epithelial budding...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Intravital Imaging of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Murine Small Intestine
08:00

Intravital Imaging of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Murine Small Intestine

Published on: June 24, 2019

[Anal intraepithelial neoplasia].

David Parés1, José Mullerat, Miguel Pera

  • 1Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España. dpares@imas.imim.es

Medicina Clinica
|January 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a premalignant condition caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Management involves grading, diagnosis, and considering surgical resection for high-grade lesions.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Dermatology

Context:

  • Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a premalignant condition linked to human papillomavirus (HPV).
  • Increasing incidence of AIN affects immunocompromised individuals and those with HPV-related diseases.
  • Accurate grading and staging of AIN are crucial for effective management.

Purpose:

  • To review the current definition, diagnostic methods, and management strategies for AIN.
  • To highlight the rising incidence and at-risk populations for AIN.
  • To discuss the progression of AIN and its relationship to anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Summary:

  • AIN is classified into grades (AIN I, II, III) based on severity.
  • Low-grade AIN (AIN I) or extensive lesions may require monitoring for progression.

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Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia
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Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Intravital Imaging of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Murine Small Intestine
08:00

Intravital Imaging of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Murine Small Intestine

Published on: June 24, 2019

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia
03:05

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

  • High-grade, localized AIN (AIN II, AIN III) may necessitate surgical intervention if postoperative risks are low.

    • Impact:

    • This review informs clinical practice regarding AIN diagnosis and treatment.
    • It emphasizes the need for further research into AIN screening and HPV management.
    • Understanding AIN progression is vital for preventing anal squamous cell carcinoma.