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Related Experiment Videos

Antigenic variation in Trypanosoma equiperdum.

C Roth1, C Jacquemot, C Giroud

  • 1Unité d'Immunoparasitologie, URA 361, CNRS, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France.

Research in Microbiology
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Trypanosoma equiperdum evades the horse immune system using variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene switching. This mechanism generates a larger effective VSG repertoire than the genome size suggests, aiding parasite survival.

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Trypanosoma equiperdum causes dourine, a significant disease in horses.
  • African trypanosomes, including T. equiperdum, evade host immunity through antigenic variation.
  • Variable Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) coats are central to trypanosome immune evasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors influencing VSG expression timing in T. equiperdum.
  • To analyze the mechanisms generating the VSG repertoire size in T. equiperdum.
  • To understand how T. equiperdum expands its antigenic diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on T. equiperdum VSG gene expression and transposition.
  • Analysis of gene homology and expression site interactions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of host immune system interaction with VSG.

    • Main Results:

    • VSG gene expression is regulated by duplicative transposition into expression sites.
    • The order of VSG expression correlates with homology between silent genes and expression sites.
    • Late-expressed VSG genes are often hybrid, formed from pseudogene fragments, increasing repertoire diversity.
    • Only a fraction of the VSG is exposed to the host immune system.

    Conclusions:

    • The duplicative transposition mechanism allows for the creation of novel VSG genes.
    • The effective VSG repertoire size in T. equiperdum is larger than the number of intact VSG genes.
    • This expanded repertoire enhances T. equiperdum's ability to evade host immunity and prolong infection.