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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
17:28

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

Stem cell test: a practical tool in toxicogenomics.

Y R Ahuja1, V Vijayalakshmi, K Polasa

  • 1Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical & Research Centre, 6-1-91 Khairatabad, Hyderabad 500004, India. yrahuja@yahoo.com

Toxicology
|January 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Stem cell lines derived from embryonic and adult sources offer a promising alternative to animal testing for evaluating environmental mutagenesis and chemical toxicity. Standardized protocols using these cell lines can advance drug development and biomonitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Toxicology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Embryonic development involves pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells, embryonic carcinoma cells) with potential for differentiation.
  • Adult stem cells from various tissues can be cultured into pure cell populations.
  • Current methods for assessing genotoxicity, especially during embryonic development, often rely on extensive animal testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of embryonic and adult stem cell lines as alternatives to animal models in toxicology and environmental mutagenesis studies.
  • To highlight the potential of stem cell-based assays for evaluating the effects of chemical and physical agents.
  • To underscore the application of stem cell lines in drug development, biomonitoring, and understanding disease mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing established embryonic stem (ES) cell lines, embryonic germ (EG) cell lines, and embryonic carcinoma (EC) cell lines.
  • Culturing pure populations of specific adult stem cell types.
  • Treating cultured stem cells with chemical or physical agents to measure cellular responses and toxicity.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell lines provide a feasible alternative to animal models for toxicity testing, reducing the need for extensive animal use.
  • Standardization of protocols using stem cell lines is underway to ensure reliable results.
  • These methods offer a shortcut for evaluating toxicity across various organ systems.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell lines are valuable tools for basic and applied research in medical therapeutics, disease management, and environmental mutagenesis.
  • The development of standardized stem cell-based assays will significantly benefit drug development, environmental biomonitoring, and genotoxicity testing.
  • This approach represents a more efficient and ethical strategy for assessing the impact of environmental agents.