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Autonomic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview

The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Sympathetic Signaling

Sympathetic Signaling

Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Autonomic nervous system evaluation in allergic rhinitis.

Stacey L Ishman¹, Timothy J Martin, Daniel W Hambrook

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospitals, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

|January 11, 2007

Summary

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is linked to autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, particularly sympathetic hypofunction. This study found significant ANS abnormalities in AR patients, suggesting new therapeutic targets.

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Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

Immunology
Neuroscience
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common condition with significant impact on quality of life.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates involuntary bodily functions and its dysfunction can manifest in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential relationship between allergic rhinitis and autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction.
To compare ANS function in patients with AR to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

Quantitative autonomic nervous system (ANS) testing was performed on 10 patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis.
The ANS test results from AR patients were compared with those of 16 age-matched healthy individuals.

Main Results:

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) scores were significantly impaired in patients with allergic rhinitis compared to controls (composite score 1.6 vs 0.63, P < 0.0001).
Specific sympathetic nervous system subscores (sudomotor and adrenergic) showed significant differences between groups (P < 0.0001 and 0.018, respectively).
No significant difference was observed in parasympathetic (cardiovagal) subscores between AR patients and controls (P = 0.38).

Conclusions:

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, characterized by sympathetic hypofunction, was present in all studied allergic rhinitis patients.
These findings suggest a specific pattern of ANS involvement in AR.
Further research into the nature of ANS abnormalities in AR may lead to novel pharmacological treatments.