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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue, improving...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
08:08

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Unexplained pulmonary hypertension in elderly patients.

Brian P Shapiro1, Michael D McGoon, Margaret M Redfield

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.

Chest
|January 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Elderly patients with suspected idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) often present with elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, complicating diagnosis. Further research is needed to guide treatment strategies for this demographic.

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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
08:08

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
08:34

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) primarily affects young women, but a significant subset of patients are elderly.
  • This study investigates differences between elderly (>/= 65 years) and younger patients with unexplained pulmonary hypertension (PH) and suspected IPAH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and survival data between elderly and younger patients with suspected IPAH.
  • To identify factors influencing diagnostic criteria and outcomes in elderly patients with unexplained PH.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 197 consecutive patients evaluated for suspected IPAH.
  • Data included demographics, symptom severity, echocardiography, hemodynamics, and survival outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Elderly patients (24%) had similar symptom severity and pulmonary artery pressures but higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) compared to younger patients.
  • A higher proportion of elderly patients (56%) failed to meet IPAH hemodynamic criteria (PCWP < 15 mm Hg) versus younger patients (19%).
  • Elderly patients with normal PCWP had worse survival, while those with elevated PCWP had better survival and lower pulmonary artery pressures.

Conclusions:

  • Elderly patients with suspected IPAH frequently present with elevated PCWP, challenging the diagnosis.
  • There is a need for refined diagnostic strategies and investigation into the safety and efficacy of pulmonary vasodilators for elderly patients with unexplained PH.