Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

A BOLD search for baseline.

Robert G Shulman1, Douglas L Rothman, Fahmeed Hyder

  • 1Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR) and Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. robert.shulman@yale.edu

Neuroimage
|January 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ketone Bodies Derived From Medium-Chain Triglycerides Support Brain Metabolism and Function Under Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes·2026
Same author

Altering MRI rotating frame relaxations by changing the truncation level of Hyperbolic Secant pulse.

Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)·2026
Same author

Task-Evoked Functional Activation and Coupling With CSF Flow Detected in the Human Brain With Ultrashort Echo Time fMRI at 7 T.

NMR in biomedicine·2026
Same author

Reversible alterations of brain acetate metabolism associated with alcohol consumption.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

High-resolution thermal imaging to delineate effects of cancer-induced aerobic glycolysis and endothelial dysfunction.

Neuro-oncology advances·2026
Same author

Q-MRS: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Spectral Analysis Using Deep Learning.

NMR in biomedicine·2026
Same journal

Segmentation of the parasagittal dura mater on multi-center 3D-FLAIR MRI.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Spatial frequency channels implement a mental ruler in spatial vision.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Exploring the Link Between Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Measured Brain Diffusivity During Wakefulness and Sleep Macrostructure in the Elderly.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Closed-loop adaptation of transcranial magnetic stimulation intensity with electroencephalography feedback.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Volumetric postmortem MRI of the medial temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: methodological advances and implications for in vivo biomarker development.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Neural responses to equity and inequity when receiving vicarious rewards for self and charity during adolescence.

NeuroImage·2026
See all related articles

Investigating the negative BOLD signal using calibrated fMRI revealed its energetic basis. This finding impacts the definition of baseline and future neuroimaging research into neural and energetic mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Physiology
  • Brain Metabolism

Background:

  • The physiological origin of negative BOLD (Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent) signals in fMRI remains unclear.
  • Traditional fMRI analysis often uses qualitative methods, differencing baselines to highlight areas of interest.
  • A shift towards quantitative neuroimaging aims to measure oxidative energetics, such as cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMR(O2)).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural basis of the negative BOLD signal in awake humans.
  • To explore the role of oxidative energetics in the negative BOLD response.
  • To examine the implications of findings for the definition of baseline in neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized calibrated fMRI, a quantitative neuroimaging technique.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed a novel stimulus paradigm to study the negative BOLD signal.
  • Quantified changes in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMR(O2)).

    • Main Results:

    • Findings suggest an energetic basis for the negative BOLD signal.
    • Hypothesized that a lowered baseline would necessitate a larger change in CMR(O2).
    • Results support the energetic origin of the negative BOLD response.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides evidence for an energetic basis of the negative BOLD signal.
    • The findings necessitate a re-evaluation of the current definition of baseline in fMRI.
    • Future research on neural and energetic bases of baseline should consider these implications.