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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
Published on: March 5, 2022
Acute effects of metformin therapy include improvement of insulin resistance and ovarian morphology
Aykut Bayrak1, Heather Terbell, Rebecca Urwitz-Lane
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. Aykutb@aol.com <Aykutb@aol.com>
Objective:
To evaluate the acute effects of metformin therapy on biochemical markers and polycystic ovarian morphology among insulin-resistant (IR) and noninsulin-resistant (NIR) patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Design:
Prospective interventional study.
Setting:
Reproductive endocrinology clinic in a university hospital.
Patient(S):
Five IR and five NIR patients with PCOS. The mean age of patients was 29.5 +/- 4.8 years (range, 23-36 years).
Intervention:
Metformin therapy, using 850 mg orally per day for 1 week.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Serum levels of T, FSH, and LH, fasting glucose/insulin ratio, levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B, and antral follicle count.
Result(S):
Levels of AMH and inhibin B were statistically significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared to controls (2.81 +/- 1.79 ng/mL versus 0.95 +/- 1.17 ng/mL, and 56.24 +/- 29.39 pg/mL versus 17.89 +/- 12.87 pg/mL, respectively). Levels of AMH and inhibin B were similar among IR and NIR patients with PCOS (2.77 +/- 1.92 ng/mL versus 2.85 +/- 1.89 ng/mL, and 53.96 +/- 28.58 pg/mL versus 58.51 +/- 33.28 pg/mL, respectively). One week of metformin therapy did not alter either AMH or inhibin B levels. However, there was a statistically significant increase in glucose/insulin ratios (4.59 +/- 1.57 versus 6.35 +/- 3.6), and a significant decrease in the number of antral follicles after 1 week of metformin therapy (38.8 +/- 19.3 versus 23.1 +/- 7.4).
Conclusion(S):
Levels of AMH and inhibin B are significantly increased in patients with PCOS compared to controls, but are not associated with insulin resistance. Low-dose metformin therapy improves IR and polycystic ovary morphology, even though levels of T, AMH, and inhibin B remain unchanged.
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