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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

Childhood and adolescent depression.

Shashi K Bhatia¹, Subhash C Bhatia

¹Creighton University, Department of Psychiatry, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

American Family Physician

|January 18, 2007

Summary

Major depression impacts children and adolescents, affecting development and relationships. Cognitive behavior therapy is recommended for mild to moderate cases, with antidepressants considered for severe depression under close monitoring.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Psychiatry
Child and Adolescent Psychology
Clinical Psychology

Background:

Major depression affects 3-5% of children and adolescents, impacting growth, school, and relationships, with potential for suicide.
Risk factors include family history, female sex, abuse, stress, and chronic illness.
Symptom presentation varies by developmental stage, complicating diagnosis in youth.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline diagnostic considerations for depression in children and adolescents.
To review evidence-based treatment options for pediatric depression.
To emphasize safe antidepressant use and monitoring protocols.

Main Methods:

Literature review of diagnostic criteria and treatment efficacy for pediatric depression.

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Analysis of risk factors and developmental considerations in symptom expression.

Evaluation of safety guidelines for antidepressant use in youth.

Main Results:

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is supported for mild to moderate childhood depression.
Antidepressants may be considered for severe depression, preferably with CBT.
Fluoxetine is approved for ages 8-17; all antidepressants carry a black box warning for suicidal behavior risk.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis, suicide risk assessment, and evidence-based therapies are crucial for safe and effective treatment.
Close monitoring and a safety plan are essential when initiating antidepressants in children and adolescents.
Tricyclic antidepressants are generally not recommended due to ineffectiveness and adverse effects.