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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

Nonredundant roles for Stat5a/b in directly regulating Foxp3.

Zhengju Yao1, Yuka Kanno, Marc Kerenyi

  • 1Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1820, USA.

Blood
|January 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats) are crucial for T-cell development. Stat5a/b are essential for regulatory T (Treg) cell development and function, while Stat3 plays an opposing role.

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In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
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In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats) regulate T-cell differentiation and function.
  • T regulatory (Treg) cells are vital for maintaining immune homeostasis.
  • The specific roles of Stat5a/b and Stat3 in Treg cell development have been debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct roles of Stat5a/b and Stat3 in the development and function of Treg cells.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Stat5a/b and Stat3 regulate the transcription factor Foxp3.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T-cell populations in mice with genetic alterations in Stat5a/b and Stat3.
  • Flow cytometry to assess CD4+ T cell subsets expressing CD25 and Foxp3.
  • Stem cell transplantation experiments.
  • In vitro induction of Foxp3 expression.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to determine Stat5a/b binding to the Foxp3 gene locus.

Main Results:

  • Partial reduction of Stat5a/b led to decreased peripheral CD4+CD25+ T cells, with normal Foxp3 levels in spleen but reduced in thymus.
  • Complete deletion of Stat5a/b drastically reduced CD4+ T cells expressing CD25 or Foxp3.
  • Stat5a/b are intrinsically required for Treg cell development and directly bind to the Foxp3 gene.
  • Stat3 deficiency did not affect Treg cell numbers but was necessary for IL-6-mediated downregulation of Foxp3.

Conclusions:

  • Stat5a/b play an essential and nonredundant role in the development and maintenance of Treg cells.
  • Stat3 and Stat5a/b exhibit opposing functions in the regulation of Foxp3 expression.
  • These findings clarify the distinct contributions of Stat5a/b and Stat3 to T-cell regulation.