The impact of naturally occurring DR3 microvariants, DRw17 and DRw18, on T-cell allorecognition

The limited amino acid sequence differences between the DR3 microvariants, DRw17 and DRw18, are found in the second variable region of the DR beta chain (residues 26 and 28) as well as in framework residues 47 and 86. Using selected responder/stimulator combinations, alloproliferative T-lymphocyte clones (TLC) were generated which recognize either a supertypic DR3-related determinant(s) or only those T-cell recognition determinants created by the four amino acids which differ between DRw17 and DRw18. Results indicate that the microvariation creates potent T-cell recognition determinants while leaving the DR3-related determinant(s) unaffected. Several TLC were generated which recognize the DRw18 molecule strongly and the DRw52c molecule weakly reflecting the sequence similarity between these molecules. In addition, one TLC was generated which recognizes DRw18 and DRw14,Dw9 but not DRw14,Dw16 molecules, a result not predicted by linear amino acid sequence comparisons. The intricate and sometimes unpredictable allorecognition patterns observed demonstrate that the molecular context of a specific amino acid sequence is as important as the actual sequence in forming a T-cell recognition site and, thus, in shaping the immune response profile of a given allele.