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Related Concept Videos

Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Vaccinations

Overview
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...

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Prion Safety Laboratory Swipe Test
06:01

Prion Safety Laboratory Swipe Test

Published on: February 14, 2025

Vaccination against prion diseases.

Ulrich Kalinke1, Patricia Bach, Martin König

  • 1Divisions of Immunology and Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.

Discovery Medicine
|January 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative conditions with no current treatments. Researchers are developing active prion vaccines, inspired by successful passive immunization studies, to combat prion replication.

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Published on: November 6, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neurodegenerative diseases
  • Immunology
  • Infectious agents

Background:

  • Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative conditions affecting humans and animals.
  • Currently, no therapeutic or prophylactic treatments exist for prion diseases.
  • Prions (PrP(Sc)) are misfolded proteins causing disease by converting normal cellular prion proteins (PrP(C)).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the development of active prion vaccines.
  • To leverage insights from passive immunization studies for vaccine design.

Main Methods:

  • Review of passive immunization studies using PrP(C)-specific antibodies.
  • Analysis of strategies to prevent prion replication.

Main Results:

  • Passive immunization with PrP(C)-specific antibodies demonstrated potential in preventing prion replication.
  • This success supports the feasibility of active immunization strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Active prion vaccines represent a promising future therapeutic strategy.
  • Further research is warranted to develop effective vaccines against prion diseases.