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Related Concept Videos

Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

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Published on: July 8, 2015

Hippocampal long-term depression: master or minion in declarative memory processes?

Anne Kemp1, Denise Manahan-Vaughan

  • 1Learning and Memory Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, MABF 01/551, 44780 Bochum, Germany.

Trends in Neurosciences
|January 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Long-term depression (LTD) plays a direct role in hippocampal memory storage, particularly for precise spatial details. Together with long-term potentiation (LTP), LTD contributes to forming a spatial cognitive map.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice
13:34

Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice

Published on: June 4, 2020

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
14:27

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Published on: August 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Declarative memory formation involves hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD).
  • Traditionally, LTP was considered the primary mechanism for spatial memory, with LTD playing a secondary role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct contribution of LTD to hippocampal information storage.
  • To explore the distinct roles of LTP and LTD in spatial memory.

Main Methods:

  • Review of accumulating evidence on synaptic plasticity mechanisms in the hippocampus.
  • Analysis of the roles of LTP and LTD in spatial information processing.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence indicates LTD directly contributes to hippocampal information storage.
  • LTD may be crucial for processing precise spatial characteristics.
  • LTP and LTD facilitate separate, distinct forms of information storage.

Conclusions:

  • Both LTP and LTD are essential for declarative memory formation.
  • The interplay between LTP and LTD supports the creation of a spatial cognitive map.