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The Mammary Glands01:12

The Mammary Glands

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Papillary Dermis

Dermis
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
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Nipple invagination: the umbrella effect.

Gonzalo Bosch1, Gimena de los Ríos, Virginia Giachero

  • 1Bosch Clinic, J, Blanco 624, 11300, Montevideo, Uruguay. gbosch@net-gate.com.uy

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
|January 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study details a 20-year-tested surgical technique to correct invaginated nipples by addressing subareolar muscle diastasis and fibrous tissue. The procedure effectively treats this condition in various patient groups.

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Surgical Techniques
  • Breast Anatomy

Background:

  • Invaginated nipple is often caused by subareolar muscle diastasis and fibrotic changes.
  • Previous methods for correction have varying degrees of success.
  • Understanding the anatomical basis is crucial for effective surgical correction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a refined surgical technique for the correction of invaginated nipples.
  • To describe the underlying pathophysiology addressed by the technique.
  • To highlight the technique's applicability across different patient scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Surgical division of fibrous tracts contributing to nipple inversion.
  • Correction of subareolar muscle diastasis.

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  • Application of the technique in diverse clinical settings.

    • Main Results:

    • The presented technique has been successfully utilized for two decades.
    • Effective correction of invaginated nipples is achieved.
    • The procedure is adaptable for various patient conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The described surgical method offers a reliable solution for invaginated nipples.
    • The technique addresses the primary etiological factors of the condition.
    • It is a versatile procedure suitable for a broad patient population.