Microscopic detection of thermogenesis in a single HeLa cell

We report here the technique for detection and measurement of the temperature changes in single cells using a recently devised microthermometer (a glass micropipette filled with the thermosensitive fluorescent dye Europium (III) thenoyltrifluoroacetonate trihydrate). We found that the heat production in a single HeLa cell occurred with some time delay after the ionomycin-induced Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular space. The time delay inversely depended on extracellular [Ca(2+)], and the increase in temperature was suppressed when Ca(2+)-ATPases were blocked by thapsigargin. These observations strongly suggest that the enzymatic activity of Ca(2+)-ATPases in endoplasmic reticulum leads to the heat production. This study has therefore paved the way for studying the thermogenesis at the single-cell level.