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Nutritional assessment in preterm infants.

Ian J Griffin1

  • 1Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. igriffin@bcm.tmc.edu

Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series. Paediatric Programme
|January 25, 2007
PubMed
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Current methods for assessing nutrition in preterm infants are inadequate. Accurate nutritional assessment requires improved methods beyond weight and linear growth, especially for very low birth weight infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Growth Monitoring

Background:

  • Assessing nutritional status in preterm infants is crucial for identifying suboptimal or excessive intake of protein, energy, and micronutrients.
  • Existing nutritional assessment methods for preterm infants often perform poorly due to confounding factors and lack of adequate standards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of current nutritional assessment methods in preterm infants.
  • To highlight the limitations of traditional growth assessment and biochemical markers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current practices in nutritional assessment for preterm infants.
  • Analysis of limitations in body weight, linear growth, and body composition measurements.
  • Discussion of the inadequacy of reference standards for preterm infant growth.

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Main Results:

  • Body weight assessment is confounded by fluid status, and linear growth measurements are imprecise and slow to reflect nutritional changes.
  • Lack of adequate reference standards hinders accurate growth assessment, with current charts potentially promoting the perception of poor growth.
  • Body composition assessment is largely confined to research, and the optimal growth composition remains unclear. Biochemical assessments have limited utility except in high-risk cases.

Conclusions:

  • Most current methods for nutritional assessment of preterm infants are inadequate.
  • Improved methods are needed to accurately assess protein, energy, and micronutrient provision in this vulnerable population.
  • Further research is required to establish normative growth data and optimal body composition for preterm infants.