Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Several new electrofocusing techniques.

Cornelius F Ivory1

  • 1Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2710, USA. cfivory@wsu.edu

Electrophoresis
|January 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Elucidating the Role of Electric Fields in Fe Oxidation via an Environmental Atom Probe.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Unveiling the Interfacial and Structural Heterogeneity of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub></sub> MXene Etched with CoF<sub>2</sub>/HCl by Integrated <i>in Situ</i> Thermal Analysis.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2021
Same author

Preconcentration mechanism of trivalent lanthanum on eQCM electrodes in the presence of α-hydroxy isobutyric acid.

Journal of electroanalytical chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland)·2021
Same author

Electrochemical precipitation of neptunium with a micro electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance.

Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry·2020
Same author

Paper-based ITP technology: An application to specific cancer-derived exosome detection and analysis.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2020
Same author

Correlating inter-particle forces and particle shape to shear-induced aggregation/fragmentation and rheology for dilute anisotropic particle suspensions: A complementary study via capillary rheometry and in-situ small and ultra-small angle X-ray scattering.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2020
Same journal

Kinship Inferences for Second-Degree Relatives With a Combination of STRs and Microhaplotypes.

Electrophoresis·2026
Same journal

Optimisation of Electrokinetic Extraction System: Colourimetric Determination of Copper (II) in Sand Using Polymer Inclusion Membrane.

Electrophoresis·2026
Same journal

Novel Phloroglucinol Derivatives as Neuraminidase Inhibitors Identified From Humulus lupulus L. Extract by At-Line Nanofractionation Platform.

Electrophoresis·2026
Same journal

Protein-Based High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Cyclodextrin-Capillary Electrokinetic Chromatography for the Chiral Separation of Azoles.

Electrophoresis·2026
Same journal

Dynamics of Heparin Translocations Through Solid-State Nanopores.

Electrophoresis·2026
Same journal

Production of Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides From Lablab purpureus and Macrotyloma uniflorum via Optimized Extraction and Proteolysis Protocols.

Electrophoresis·2026
See all related articles

Separation techniques like isoelectric focusing (IEF) and equilibrium gradient methods (EGMs) are crucial for analyzing low-abundance proteins. This review explores their properties and applications in microfluidic systems.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Microfluidics and Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies

Background:

  • Analyzing low-abundance proteins in complex biological fluids demands sophisticated separation techniques.
  • Existing methods include displacement techniques (e.g., Isotachophoresis - ITP) and gradient methods (e.g., High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC).
  • Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) is an equilibrium gradient method (EGM) known for its self-sharpening, steady-state property.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review essential properties of displacement methods, EGMs, and non-EGMs.
  • To explore the application of these separation techniques in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) platforms.
  • To discuss performance prediction and the potential addition of new orthogonal EGMs.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of established separation principles: displacement, equilibrium gradient, and non-equilibrium gradient methods.
  • Analysis of Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) as a key electrokinetic equilibrium gradient method.
  • Discussion of counteracting chromatographic electrophoresis and other electrokinetic EGMs.

Main Results:

  • IEF and other electrokinetic EGMs possess unique self-sharpening properties for solute fractionation and concentration.
  • These techniques are adaptable to microfluidic platforms, enabling miniaturized analytical systems.
  • Methods for predicting performance and developing new EGMs with orthogonal properties are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Equilibrium gradient methods, particularly IEF and its electrokinetic relatives, offer powerful tools for complex biological sample analysis.
  • The integration of these methods into MEMS platforms enhances sensitivity and efficiency for low-abundance protein detection.
  • Continued development in EGM technology promises expanded capabilities for high-resolution separations.