Percutaneous transhepatic placement of biliary endoprostheses: results in 100 consecutive patients

One hundred patients with malignant biliary obstruction underwent palliative therapy by means of percutaneous transhepatic placement of 114 biliary endoprostheses. All patients were then followed up for at least 18 months or until death. Retrospective evaluation of the 95 patients who died showed an average survival time of 5.0 months. The five remaining patients have survived an average of 29.8 months. During the 1st week after stent insertion, a second manipulation was performed to improve stent function in nine patients. Overall, 14 (12.3%) of the stents became obstructed and six (5.2%) migrated; 86 patients required no further therapy for biliary obstruction or stent malfunction. The 30-day mortality rate was 12%; none of the deaths were directly attributable to a complication of the stent placement procedure.