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Letters as visual action-effects in skilled typing.

Martina Rieger1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Cognition and Action, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. rieger@cbs.mpg.de

Acta Psychologica
|January 26, 2007
PubMed
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Expert typists exhibit bidirectional action-effect associations, crucial for action selection and performance monitoring. These findings highlight the flexible use of learned associations in skilled motor control.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Motor Control
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Action-effect associations link movements to their sensory consequences.
  • Expertise, such as 10-finger typing, may shape these associations.
  • Understanding these links is key to explaining skilled performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate action-visual effect associations in 10-finger typists versus hunt-and-peck typists.
  • To determine if bidirectional associations exist and how they are utilized.
  • To explore the role of these associations in action selection and performance monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Participants responded to visual stimuli (colored squares) via keyboard or external device.
  • Response-contingent visual feedback (letters) was presented.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiments 1 and 2 examined action-effect activation and anticipation.
  • Performance was compared between 10-finger typists and hunt-and-peck typists.
  • Main Results:

    • Evidence for action activation by anticipated action-effects was found.
    • Bidirectional action-effect associations were observed in 10-finger typists.
    • These associations influenced action selection and performance monitoring.
    • Effects were context-dependent (keyboard use, trial phase).

    Conclusions:

    • 10-finger typists possess flexible, bidirectional action-effect associations.
    • Anticipated visual action-effects are vital for expert action selection.
    • Visual action-effects also aid performance monitoring in specific contexts.
    • Motor expertise modulates the use of action-effect associations.