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Updated: Jul 17, 2026
Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Method for the Visualization and Assessment of Specific Parameters of the Pulmonary Veins
Published on: October 28, 2020
Digital output volumetric pulmonary artery catheters eliminate interoperator interpretation variability and improve
Vicente H Gracias1, Annamarie D Horan, Patrick K Kim
1Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology & Surgical Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Background:
The pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) has been fraught with controversy over issues of safety and impact on outcomes variables for many years. Multiple attempts to quantify the utility of this diagnostic instrument have failed to resolve the matter. Previous investigations have focused on either quantifying inter-rater variability of waveform output interpretation from PACs or on clinical outcomes when PACs are used in care. We tested the hypothesis that the true link between a diagnostic tool and outcomes is treatment selection, and an instrument that minimizes or eliminates the need for data interpretation would also minimize the variability of treatment selections.
Study Design:
We performed a prospective, single institutional, single blinded survey study.
Results:
The inter-rater variability of waveform interpretation among all raters was notable (p < 0.01); for continuous end diastolic volume index interpretation, there was no notable inter-rater variability (p=1.0). Inter-rater variability of treatment selections based on waveform interpretation was notable for all raters (p < 0.01). Continuous end diastolic volume index data presentation of hemodynamic status did not result in notable inter-rater variability in treatment selections (p=0.10). Treatment choices based on continuous end diastolic volume index among raters with 5 or more years of experience are not different from clinical practice guideline-directed choices (p > 0.05), independent of patient ventilator status.
Conclusions:
Digital output volumetric PACs eliminate inter-rater variability of data interpretation, decrease inter-rater variability of data-driven treatment selections, and improve rater agreement with clinical practice guidelines when compared with traditional waveform output PACs.
