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Tag-based indirect reciprocity by incomplete social information.

Naoki Masuda¹, Hisashi Ohtsuki

¹Amari Research Unit, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. masuda@mist.i.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Proceedings. Biological Sciences

|January 27, 2007

Summary

Altruistic behavior can evolve through tag-based indirect reciprocity, where individuals favor similar others. This mechanism, dependent on partial strategy visibility, promotes cooperation by enabling targeted policing and rewarding similar strategies.

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Game theory
Social behavior

Background:

Altruistic behavior evolution is explained by kin selection, direct reciprocity, and spatial/indirect reciprocity.
Human social interactions often involve actions based on perceived similarity.
The mechanism of tag-based indirect reciprocity, favoring altruism among similar individuals, remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and analyze a model of tag-based indirect reciprocity.
To investigate the conditions under which altruism can evolve based on similarity.
To understand the role of strategy visibility in the evolution of cooperation.

Main Methods:

Development of a theoretical model for tag-based indirect reciprocity.
Simulation of interactions where players can observe others' strategies.
Analysis of evolutionary dynamics under varying visibility conditions.

Main Results:

Tag-based altruism can evolve to dominate other strategies, including unconditional defection.
Partial visibility of strategies is crucial for the evolution of altruism; no visibility leads to defection, perfect visibility leads to cooperation.
Intermediate visibility regimes favor the evolution of tag-based discriminators and homophilous altruism.

Conclusions:

Tag-based indirect reciprocity provides a viable mechanism for the evolution of altruism.
The degree of strategy visibility significantly influences the emergence and stability of cooperative strategies.
Homophily, or preferential treatment of similar individuals, is a key outcome in models of tag-based reciprocity.