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Related Concept Videos

Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Sound Intensity Level00:53

Sound Intensity Level

Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and hence a...
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage
07:13

Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage

Published on: February 10, 2023

Vibration-induced hearing loss: mechanical and physiological aspects.

Päivi Sutinen1, Jing Zou, Lisa L Hunter

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|January 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Temporal bone vibration, not just drilling noise, can cause hearing loss after middle ear surgery. This hearing loss is primarily at higher frequencies and is mostly reversible, suggesting vibration

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

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Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects
07:32

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects

Published on: September 1, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Sensorineural hearing loss (HL) after middle ear surgery is often attributed to drilling noise.
  • The role of temporal bone vibration in causing HL has been understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of temporal bone vibration in the etiology of sensorineural hearing loss.
  • To investigate the impact of vibration frequency and intensity on hearing thresholds.

Main Methods:

  • Guinea pigs were exposed to controlled vibrations of the bony external ear canal using an electromagnetic shaker.
  • Vibrations were applied at frequencies from 32 to 1,000 Hz and intensities from 4.2 to 18.8 m/s² for 15 minutes.
  • Hearing thresholds were measured using auditory evoked responses.

Main Results:

  • 60% of guinea pigs developed a threshold shift exceeding 10 dB.
  • Higher frequencies (500-1,000 Hz) induced a greater threshold shift than lower frequencies (32-250 Hz).
  • Hearing loss was largely reversible, with significant recovery within 14 days.

Conclusions:

  • Temporal bone vibration, particularly at higher frequencies, can cause reversible sensorineural hearing loss.
  • The guinea pig model is valuable for studying surgical techniques and temporal bone pathology related to vibration.
  • Findings suggest vibration, not just noise, should be considered in middle ear surgery-induced hearing loss.