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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell types have...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the anterior...
Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins

Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...

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A Model Membrane Platform for Reconstituting Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics
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Membrane protein selectively oriented on solid support and reconstituted into a lipid membrane.

Sylvain Trépout1, Stéphane Mornet, Houssain Benabdelhak

  • 1Laboratoire d'Imagerie Moléculaire et Nano-Bio-Technologie, IECB, UMR-CNRS 5471, Université de Bordeaux 1, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|January 31, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a method to orient membrane proteins on solid supports for biodiagnostics. This technique successfully reconstituted the OprM protein into a lipid membrane, enabling the study of its interactions with other components like MexA.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Mimetic functional membranes on solid supports are crucial for developing biosensors and studying membrane processes.
  • These systems have significant potential for advancing biodiagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a method for selectively orienting membrane proteins into lipid membranes on solid supports.
  • To demonstrate the utility of this method for studying protein-ligand interactions relevant to biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of detergent-solubilized membrane protein OprM via its extracellular domain onto aminosilane-modified silica surfaces.
  • Reconstitution of the oriented OprM into a lipid membrane through detergent removal.
  • Characterization using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for orientation assessment and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) for interaction studies.

Main Results:

  • Successful reconstitution of OprM into oriented lipid membranes on both silica nanoparticles and planar surfaces.
  • Cryo-EM confirmed selective protein orientation, distinguishing it from non-specific deposition.
  • QCM-D monitoring demonstrated high-affinity binding of MexA to the oriented OprM, providing evidence of complex formation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method enables controlled, oriented reconstitution of membrane proteins on solid supports.
  • This approach is valuable for creating functional membrane mimics for biosensor development and studying protein interactions.
  • The findings highlight the interaction between OprM and MexA, relevant to multidrug efflux mechanisms.