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Related Experiment Videos

Snake bite: coral snakes.

Michael E Peterson1

  • 1Reid Veterinary Hospital, 933 SW Queen Avenue, Albany, OR 97321, USA. petersonkate@netscape.net

Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice
|February 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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North American coral snake bites cause delayed neurotoxicity, progressing to paralysis. Prompt veterinary care, including antivenin (M. fulvius) and respiratory support, is crucial for survival.

Area of Science:

  • Herpetology
  • Toxicology
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • North American coral snakes possess fixed front fangs and a neurotoxic venom.
  • Envenomation severity depends on venom volume and victim size.
  • Coral snake venom induces a curare-like syndrome, potentially causing hemolysis in canines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical presentation and management of North American coral snake envenomation.
  • To highlight the neurotoxic effects and delayed onset of symptoms.
  • To emphasize the importance of prompt veterinary intervention and antivenin administration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical signs and outcomes in coral snake envenomation cases.
  • Discussion of venom composition and delivery mechanism.

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  • Analysis of recommended first aid and definitive treatments.

    • Main Results:

    • Coral snake venom is primarily neurotoxic, leading to delayed paralysis.
    • Clinical signs can be delayed up to 18 hours post-bite.
    • Rapid progression of paralysis necessitates critical care and potential mechanical ventilation.

    Conclusions:

    • Early recognition and rapid transport to a veterinary facility are vital.
    • Antivenin (M. fulvius) is the definitive treatment for coral snake envenomation.
    • Supportive care, including respiratory support, is critical when antivenin is unavailable or delayed.