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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Resolving photon number states in a superconducting circuit.

D I Schuster¹, A A Houck, J A Schreier

¹Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

|February 3, 2007

Summary

Researchers developed a new circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) system. This system allows single photons to significantly influence superconducting quantum bits (qubits) without absorption, enabling new quantum computing applications.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Computing
Quantum Electrodynamics
Superconducting Circuits

Background:

Electromagnetic signals are composed of photons, but their discrete energy is usually not apparent in classical circuits.
Circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) integrates superconducting qubits with microwave transmission lines to observe single-photon effects.
Previous circuit QED experiments focused on the resonant strong coupling regime.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore a new regime in circuit QED: the strong dispersive limit.
To demonstrate a single photon having a significant effect on a qubit without absorption.
To enable precise photon number resolution for quantum information processing.

Main Methods:

Coupling a superconducting quantum bit (qubit) to a microwave transmission line.
Operating the circuit QED system in the strong dispersive limit.
Resolving qubit transition energies based on photon number states.

Main Results:

Achieved the strong dispersive regime in circuit QED.
Observed distinct spectral lines for each photon number state, indicating high sensitivity.
Demonstrated the ability to distinguish between coherent and thermal microwave fields.

Conclusions:

The strong dispersive regime allows for sensitive photon detection and characterization.
This technique can be used to build a photon statistics analyzer.
Enables potential for generating non-classical light states and performing qubit-photon conditional logic for quantum computers.