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Related Concept Videos

Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
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Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

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The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
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Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

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Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
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Coherent microwave-photon-mediated coupling between a semiconductor and a superconducting qubit.

P Scarlino1, D J van Woerkom2, U C Mendes3,4

  • 1Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland. pscarlinoeth@gmail.com.

Nature Communications
|July 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrated coherent coupling between superconducting transmon qubits and semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubits using a microwave photon resonator. This hybrid quantum system enables entanglement between different qubit types.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum information science
  • Solid-state physics
  • Quantum computing hardware

Background:

  • Semiconductor qubits utilize electron or hole charge and spin in quantum dots for quantum information processing.
  • These qubits offer a complementary approach to superconducting qubits in quantum computing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate coherent coupling between a superconducting transmon qubit and a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubit.
  • To explore the use of microwave photon-mediated interactions for hybrid quantum systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a tunable high-impedance SQUID array resonator as a quantum bus.
  • Mediated coupling via virtual microwave photon excitations between the transmon and DQD charge qubit.
  • Tuned qubits into resonance to observe coherent oscillations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a transmon-charge qubit coherent coupling rate of ~21 MHz, exceeding individual qubit linewidths (~0.8 MHz for transmon, ~2.7 MHz for DQD).
  • Observed coherent oscillations, demonstrating successful entanglement between the hybrid quantum system components.
  • Established a coupling rate significantly higher than decoherence rates.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully demonstrated coherent coupling between superconducting and semiconductor qubits.
  • The results pave the way for novel experiments in hybrid quantum systems and entanglement generation.
  • This work advances the development of scalable quantum information processing architectures.