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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia01:20

Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia

The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
09:35

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

Trigeminal trophic syndrome.

Hedy G Setyadi1, Philip R Cohen, Keith E Schulze

  • 1Baylor College of Medicine, USA.

Southern Medical Journal
|February 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Trigeminal trophic syndrome can cause self-induced nasal ulcers, often mistaken for skin cancer. Early diagnosis and preventing self-inflicted injury are key to managing these chronic nasal ulcerations.

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In-Vivo Calcium Imaging of Sensory Neurons in the Rat Trigeminal Ganglion
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Published on: February 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is an uncommon but important cause of chronic nasal ulcerations.
  • It typically affects older women post-trigeminal neuralgia treatment, presenting with ulcers on the nasal ala and paranasal areas.
  • Self-induced nasal ulcers can be misdiagnosed, highlighting the need for awareness among healthcare providers.

Observation:

  • A clinical case is presented of a man with a self-induced nasal ulcer due to TTS, initially suspected as skin cancer.
  • The patient's self-inflicted injury led to ulceration, emphasizing the behavioral component of the condition.

Findings:

  • Nasal ulcerations necessitate a thorough differential diagnosis, including factitial disorders, granulomatous conditions, infections, malignancy, and pyoderma gangrenosum.
  • A lesional biopsy is crucial to exclude other potential diagnoses when TTS is suspected.
  • TTS ulcers are characterized by self-inflicted injury, often stemming from sensory disturbances related to trigeminal nerve pathways.

Implications:

  • Prompt diagnosis of TTS is vital to prevent further self-inflicted injury and misdiagnosis.
  • Management focuses on preventing digital manipulation of the ulcer through occlusion or psychotropic medication.
  • Psychiatric and pharmacologic interventions are recommended to manage habitual self-injury before considering surgical options.