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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:32

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Chromatin Structure and RNA Splicing02:41

Chromatin Structure and RNA Splicing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
08:53

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

A screen for nuclear transcripts identifies two linked noncoding RNAs associated with SC35 splicing domains.

John N Hutchinson1, Alexander W Ensminger, Christine M Clemson

  • 1Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. jhutchinson@chgr.mgh.harvard.edu

BMC Genomics
|February 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified three abundant large nuclear noncoding RNAs, including NEAT1 and NEAT2 (also known as MALAT-1). These conserved RNAs are involved in mRNA metabolism and associate with nuclear speckles.

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial for cellular functions.
  • Large ncRNAs are abundant in mammalian cells and may regulate gene expression.
  • Identifying novel ncRNAs is essential for understanding cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify large, polyadenylated, nuclear-enriched noncoding RNAs in mammalian cells.
  • To investigate the conservation and function of newly identified ncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide screening using Affymetrix expression arrays.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of transcriptome data.
  • RNA Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for localization studies.

Main Results:

  • Identified three abundant large nuclear ncRNAs: XIST, NEAT1, and NEAT2 (MALAT-1).
  • NEAT1 and NEAT2 are located near each other on human chromosome 11 and are conserved across mammals.
  • NEAT1 and NEAT2 associate with SC35 nuclear speckles, suggesting roles in mRNA metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified XIST, NEAT1, and NEAT2 as key abundant large nuclear ncRNAs in mammals.
  • High conservation and association with splicing domains indicate functional importance in mRNA metabolism.