Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

Smallpox

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Factorial design for improving influenza vaccination among employees of a large health system.

Infection control and hospital epidemiology·2009

Same author

HPV vaccine and its recommendations, 2007.

The Journal of family practice·2007

Same author

Routine vaccines across the life span, 2007.

The Journal of family practice·2007

Same author

Vaccines for persons at high risk, 2007.

The Journal of family practice·2007

Same author

Vaccine schedules and procedures, 2007.

The Journal of family practice·2007

Same author

Addressing immunization barriers, benefits, and risks.

The Journal of family practice·2007

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Published on: July 26, 2019

Recent changes in influenza vaccination recommendations, 2007.

Richard Kent Zimmerman¹

¹Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

The Journal of Family Practice

|February 3, 2007

Summary

Influenza remains a significant public health threat, causing thousands of deaths annually. Routine vaccination recommendations now include children, pregnant women, and healthcare workers to combat influenza disease.

More Related Videos

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

Published on: December 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Published on: July 26, 2019

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

Published on: December 1, 2017

Area of Science:

Public Health
Immunology
Epidemiology

Background:

Influenza disease causes substantial mortality and morbidity in the United States.
Influenza hospitalizations place a significant burden on pediatric healthcare systems.
Vaccination is a primary strategy for influenza prevention and control.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current recommendations for influenza vaccination.
To highlight recent advancements in influenza vaccine utilization.
To underscore the importance of vaccination across diverse populations.

Main Methods:

Review of current public health guidelines and recommendations for influenza vaccination.
Analysis of vaccine availability and target age groups.
Identification of recent developments in vaccination strategies.

Main Results:

Inactivated influenza vaccine is recommended for children aged 6 to 59 months.
Live attenuated influenza vaccine is available for healthy individuals aged 5 to 49 years.
Routine vaccination of pregnant women and healthcare workers is emphasized.

Conclusions:

Influenza vaccination strategies are evolving to protect vulnerable populations.
Expanded vaccination recommendations aim to reduce the overall burden of influenza disease.
Public health initiatives focus on increasing vaccination coverage among key demographic groups.