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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
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Vaccine schedules and procedures, 2007.

Donald B Middleton1, Richard Kent Zimmerman, Karen B Mitchell

  • 1University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and UPMC St. Margaret, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

The Journal of Family Practice
|February 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This review covers 2007 immunization schedules for children and adults, including catch-up plans and vaccine updates. It details vaccine administration, contraindications, and highlights thimerosal-free childhood vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • The article addresses the need for updated immunization schedules.
  • It highlights changes in vaccine recommendations since 2005.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the 2007 recommended immunization schedules for children, adolescents, and adults.
  • To provide guidelines on vaccine administration, intervals, and contraindications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published immunization schedules and guidelines.
  • Analysis of changes in vaccine recommendations and formulations.

Main Results:

  • Updated schedules for childhood, adolescent, and adult immunizations are presented.
  • Most childhood vaccines are thimerosal-free; changes affect hepatitis A, rotavirus, HPV, varicella, meningococcal, and influenza vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • The article provides essential information for healthcare providers on current immunization practices.
  • It emphasizes the importance of adhering to recommended schedules and guidelines for optimal public health.