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Updated: Jul 17, 2026
A Rehabilitation Program of Exoskeleton-assisted Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training with Non-immersive Virtual Reality for Stroke Patients
Published on: May 16, 2025
Decreased energy cost and improved gait pattern using a new orthosis in persons with long-term stroke
Dick H Thijssen1, Rebecca Paulus, Caro J van Uden
1Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Objective:
To measure energy cost and gait analysis in persons with stroke with and without a newly developed orthosis.
Design:
Immediate and long-term (3wk) intervention (before-after trial).
Setting:
University medical center.
Participants:
Volunteer sample of 27 persons with long-term (range, 0.6-19y) hemiparetic stroke.
Intervention:
Three-week familiarization to the new walking aid.
Main Outcome Measures:
Energy cost (per distance walked), preferred walking speed (PWS), and step length. Energy cost was examined in all subjects while walking on a treadmill at 3 different velocities (PWS, PWS+30%, PWS-30%) during 3 different situations (without orthosis, with orthosis, after 3-wk orthosis familiarization). Spatiotemporal aspects of the gait pattern were examined using a 6-m instrumented walkway system.
Results:
Using the orthosis immediately decreased energy cost in persons with stroke during walking at the PWS (P<.001) and significantly increased walking speed (P<.005) and step length (P<.001). After 3 weeks of familiarization to the orthosis, energy cost at the PWS and at PWS+30% showed further improvement in energy cost (P<.05).
Conclusions:
The newly developed orthosis immediately decreases energy cost and improves walking speed and step length in persons with long-term stroke. After only 3 weeks of orthosis familiarization, energy cost shows additional improvement.
