Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 17, 2026
Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis
Published on: July 22, 2014
Evaluation of function, performance, and preference as transfemoral amputees transition from mechanical to
Brian J Hafner1, Laura L Willingham, Noelle C Buell
1Prosthetics Research Study, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. brian.hafner@prs-research.org
Objective:
To evaluate differences in function, performance, and preference between mechanical and microprocessor prosthetic knee control technologies.
Design:
A-B-A-B reversal design.
Setting:
Home, community, and laboratory environments.
Participants:
Twenty-one unilateral, transfemoral amputees.
Intervention:
Mechanical control prosthetic knee versus microprocessor control prosthetic knee (Otto Bock C-Leg).
Main Outcome Measures:
Stair rating, hill rating and time, obstacle course time, divided attention task accuracy and time, Amputee Mobility Predictor score, step activity, Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire score, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey score, self-reported frequency of stumbles and falls, and self-reported concentration required for ambulation.
Results:
Stair descent score, hill descent time, and hill sound-side step length showed significant (P<.01) improvement with the C-Leg. Users reported a significant (P<.05) decrease in frequency of stumbles and falls, frustration with falling, and difficulty in multitasking while using the microprocessor knee. Subject satisfaction with the C-Leg was significantly (P<.001) greater than the mechanical control prosthesis.
Conclusions:
The study population showed improved performance when negotiating stairs and hills, reduced frequency of stumbling and falling, and a preference for the microprocessor control C-Leg as compared with the mechanical control prosthetic knee.
