Automated classification of swallowing and breadth sounds
Mohammad Aboofazeli1, Zahra Moussavi
1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. mohammad@ee.umanitoba.ca
Summary
This study developed an automated neural network algorithm to distinguish swallowing sounds from breathing sounds. The method accurately identifies 91.7% of swallows, aiding in dysphagia diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Acoustics
- Signal Processing
Background:
- Swallowing dysfunction (dysphagia) diagnosis can benefit from acoustical analysis.
- Automated methods are needed to differentiate swallowing sounds from respiratory sounds in tracheal recordings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an automated, objective algorithm for separating swallowing sounds from breath sounds.
- To utilize neural networks for analyzing tracheal sounds for swallowing detection.
Main Methods:
- A multilayer feed forward neural network was employed.
- Key input features included signal root-mean-square, average power (150-450 Hz), and waveform fractal dimension.
- Temporal and durational patterns of swallowing and respiration informed the algorithm.
Main Results:
- The algorithm correctly detected 91.7% of swallows in healthy subjects.
- Missed swallows averaged 8.3%, and false detections averaged 9.5%.
- Validation involved manual inspection, airflow measurement, and spectrogram analysis.
Conclusions:
- The proposed neural network method shows high accuracy in detecting swallowing sounds.
- Further refinement could enable automated swallowing sound extraction for clinical applications in healthy and dysphagic individuals.
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Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
01:25Deglutition
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01:29Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
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Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
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01:15Heart Sounds
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S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V) valves at the...