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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
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Ultrafast bond softening in bismuth: mapping a solid's interatomic potential with X-rays.

D M Fritz1, D A Reis, B Adams

  • 1Frontiers in Optical Coherent and Ultrafast Science (FOCUS) Center, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Intense laser pulses reveal how interatomic forces change in bismuth under extreme conditions. This study maps the potential energy surface during a laser-induced solid-solid phase transition.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Ultrafast science

Background:

  • Intense femtosecond laser excitation creates unique, transient states of matter.
  • High excitation densities significantly alter interatomic forces in solids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the carrier density-dependent interatomic potential of bismuth.
  • To investigate bismuth as it approaches a solid-solid phase transition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized stroboscopic techniques with a high-brightness linear electron accelerator-based X-ray source.
  • Employed pulse-by-pulse timing reconstruction for femtosecond resolution.
  • Achieved quantitative characterization of the interatomic potential energy surface.

Main Results:

  • Detailed mapping of the interatomic potential of bismuth was achieved.
  • The study focused on the behavior of bismuth under high excitation densities.
  • The research explored the transition towards a solid-solid phase change.

Conclusions:

  • Femtosecond laser excitation provides a method to study inaccessible states of matter.
  • Quantitative characterization of the interatomic potential energy surface is possible.
  • The interatomic potential of highly excited solids can be precisely determined.