[Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia in Iceland: clinical features, epidemiology and review]

The objective of the study was to describe the incidence and clinical features of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) in Iceland and review recent literature.

Retrospective study where information was obtained from clinical charts from 1990-2004. Records, imaging studies and histopathology were evaluated.

During the study period 10 individuals were diagnosed with CEP, 7 males and 3 females. Mean age was 58 years. None of the patients was a current smoker. The incidence of CEP during the study period was 0.23 per 100,000/year but increased to 0.54 per 100,000/year during the last 5 years of the study period. Clinical symptoms were malaise, cough, dyspnea, sweating and weight loss. Sedimentation rate was 72 mm/h and C-reactive protein (CRP) 125 mg/L. Eight of the ten patients had increase in blood eosinophils. On chest auscultation crackles were heard in seven patients and wheezing in three. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was 75% of predicted value and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 73% of predicted. Mean PO2 was 68 mmHg. All the patients had classic diffuse bilateral opacities on chest radiograph that most commonly were peripheral. All patients were treated with corticosteroids and responded well. The average initial dose of Prednisolone was 42.5 mg per day. Seven of the patients relapsed but they all responded well to repeated treatment.

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a rare disorder but it has specific radiologic and histologic features. It is important to think of the disease in patients with diffuse infiltrates that are resistant to antibiotics. CEP responds well to corticosteroids but there is a high relapse rate, which also responds to treatment.