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Related Experiment Videos

Melancholia agitata and mixed depression.

A Koukopoulos1, G Sani, A E Koukopoulos

  • 1Centro Lucio Bini, Center for the Treatment and Research of Affective Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, University of Rome La Sapienza, c/o Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy. a.koukopoulos@fastwebnet.it

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum
|February 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Agitated depression, a subtype of major depressive episode, often worsens with antidepressant treatment. Alternative therapies like ECT, neuroleptics, and anticonvulsants are recommended for this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Major depressive episode encompasses simple, agitated, and mixed depression.
  • Mixed depression presents with depressive symptoms alongside excitatory features.
  • Antidepressant treatment can exacerbate mixed depressions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the characteristics and treatment outcomes of agitated and mixed depression.
  • To evaluate the impact of antidepressants on agitated depression.
  • To propose a new diagnostic term for agitated depression.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 2141 patients diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria.
  • Application of research diagnostic criteria for agitated depression with motor agitation.
  • Utilized author's diagnostic criteria for agitated depression without motor agitation.

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Main Results:

  • Out of 1026 patients with a depressive episode, 346 (33%) had mixed depressive states.
  • Spontaneous onset occurred in 138 mixed depression cases.
  • Antidepressant use was associated with the onset of mixed depression in 173 cases.

Conclusions:

  • Both psychic and motor agitation are crucial for defining agitated depression.
  • Antidepressant treatment is detrimental to patients with agitated depression.
  • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), neuroleptics, and anticonvulsants are suggested treatments.
  • The term Melancholia Agitata is proposed for agitated (mixed) depression.