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Related Concept Videos

GPCR Desensitization01:12

GPCR Desensitization

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Production of Pharmaceuticals01:30

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

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MISSION LentiPlex Pooled shRNA Library Screening in Mammalian Cells
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MISSION LentiPlex Pooled shRNA Library Screening in Mammalian Cells

Published on: December 21, 2011

Presenilin diversifies its portfolio.

Annette L Parks1, Daniel Curtis

  • 1Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA. annette.parks.1@bc.edu

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|February 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Presenilin, a key component of gamma-secretase, plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease by processing amyloid-beta. Its diverse functions, both proteolytic and non-proteolytic, are vital in development and disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Presenilin is the catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex.
  • It's involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis through amyloid-beta production.
  • Presenilin also cleaves the Notch receptor, impacting development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on presenilin functions.
  • To explore presenilin's diverse substrates and interactors.
  • To discuss the significance of presenilin in disease, including Alzheimer's.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on presenilin.
  • Analysis of studies on gamma-secretase activity and substrates.
  • Examination of presenilin's role in both proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions.

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Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli
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Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli

Published on: August 3, 2017

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MISSION LentiPlex Pooled shRNA Library Screening in Mammalian Cells
09:12

MISSION LentiPlex Pooled shRNA Library Screening in Mammalian Cells

Published on: December 21, 2011

Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli
07:35

Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli

Published on: August 3, 2017

Main Results:

  • Presenilin has numerous cleavage substrates beyond APP and Notch.
  • Many presenilin-interacting proteins have been identified.
  • Presenilin exhibits functions independent of its protease activity.

Conclusions:

  • Presenilin has diverse roles in development and adult life.
  • These roles, mediated by gamma-secretase activity or independent of it, are significant in disease.
  • Further research into presenilin and its interactors is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms.